Nathaniel Ward

How do people make decisions? What persuades them, what doesn’t, and why? What are the implications for a free society?

This site collects essays and notes exploring those questions, drawing on my work in marketing and fundraising. (About me.)


Read between the lines

When you’re in marketing or fundraising, it’s tempting to treat feedback on your creative as a checklist.

A series of fixes to reconcile everyone’s conflicting edits so you can hit your deadline.

This is almost always the wrong approach.

Apply every comment and you risk creating a Frankenstein’s monster. Split the difference and you get something dry and forgettable — nobody objects, nobody’s moved.

Here’s why: the notes you get aren’t really about the words on the page.

They’re diagnostic signals. When someone says “this isn’t working,” they’re telling you they felt something — confusion, skepticism, a disconnect — before they knew why. Your job is to find the why.

Consider a common scenario: you share a draft proposal with two executives. One wants you to list key programs. The other wants more emphasis on mission and history.

Both are telling you what they care about. Neither is asking what might actually move the customer to act.

Your job isn’t to negotiate between them. It’s to diagnose what’s underneath: they both sense the piece isn’t compelling — they’re just reaching for familiar answers. The real question is what a prospective customer needs to feel before they’ll say yes.

That’s the difference between taking a note and reading a note.

Sometimes the right move is to accept an edit verbatim. More often it means applying the spirit of it. Occasionally it means rejecting it entirely — and being able to say why, in terms of what the reviewer actually felt and what the piece needs to do.

That’s what it means to own the work. Not protecting your original draft, but using others’ reactions as data to get closer to something that will actually land.

Stop trying to satisfy the room. Start asking what the customer needs.


An act of delight

Inside the box is everything my friend needs to build his new 3D printer:

  • the disassembled housing
  • electrical components
  • screws, bolts, and other hardware

Oh, and a small bag of gummy bears.

The instruction manual leans into it:

After years of thorough scientific research, we came to a solution => At the end of each chapter, you will be told a specific amount of bears to consume.

Eating an incorrect amount than prescribed in the manual might lead to a sudden boost of energy. Please consult a professional in the closest candy store.

Hide the Haribo for now! From our experience, an unattended bag with sweets will suddenly disappear. Confirmed by multiple cases all around the World.

The gummy bears don’t solve anything. They don’t optimize assembly or reduce friction. They simply reflect care—about the product and the customer.

The experience is, in a word, delightful.

The sort of delight that’s worth cultivating.


Small improvements add up

Progress isn’t always fast or flashy.

Often it shows up as small but meaningful changes in our quality of life.

Consider the humble single-serve coffee maker.

About ten years ago, I bought my first Keurig Mini. It worked. It made coffee.

But it was never subtle. It was loud. There were long pauses as it brewed.

A couple of weeks ago, it finally broke. So I replaced it with one that is, on paper, the same model.

But the new one is different.

It begins dispensing almost immediately. And it’s eerily quiet.

I don’t know what changed inside. What matters is that the experience is better.

The new machine cost about the same as the old one: roughly $70. Adjusted for inflation, the newer and better machine is significantly cheaper.

That’s a real gain. One that’s easy to miss.

Small improvements like this accumulate. Together, they’re quietly improving our lives.


The future is going to be awesome, so let’s celebrate it

Charlie Warzel calls for an end to Apple product-launch events:

But what started as a Steve Jobs TED talk has become a parody — a decadent pageant of Palo Alto executives, clothed in their finest Dad Casual, reading ad copy as lead-ins for vaguely sexual jump-cut videos of brushed aluminum under nightclub lighting. The events are exhausting love letters to consumerism complete with rounds of applause from the laptop-lit faces of the tech blogging audience when executives mention that you (yes you!) can hold the future in your hands for just $24.95 per month or $599 with trade-in.

The entire event is at odds with our current moment — one in which inequality, economic precarity and populist frustration have infiltrated our politics and reshaped our relationships with once-adored tech companies. But it’s not just the tech backlash. When the world feels increasingly volatile and fragile, it feels a little obscene to gather to worship a $1,000 phone.

This is exactly wrong. The current moment requires more events like Apple’s.

John Gruber describes Apple events as escapism: “If anything, people look to them as relief from the current moment. Gadgets are fun.”

But they’re more than that. Apple’s events are celebrations of free enterprise and what it can achieve when unleashed.

In 2007, the best iPhone money could buy cost $740 in today’s dollars. Today’s base iPhone model costs $700, or five percent less than the 2007 model in real terms. For that price, you get a device that’s almost incalculably faster, more capable, and more useful.

Twenty years ago, a single album on CD might have cost $20 in nominal dollars. For half that cost every month, you can get unlimited access to virtually every song ever recorded through Apple Music.

These are achievements worth celebrating. These are reasons to be hopeful, not pessimistic, about the future.

If our moment is characterized by “economic precocity and populist frustration” there is no better antidote than a hopeful free enterprise. It is jubilant free-marketers, not dour scolds, who will solve today’s problems—and tomorrow’s.


What’s the value of buying local?

The independent bookstore up the street maintains a well-curated selection, especially of children’s books, and regularly hosts events with authors. I enjoy having a bookstore like this nearby, and I frequently browse.

Yet I find it hard to actually purchase books there. Why? Because it’s vastly more expensive than Amazon.

I went in the other day looking for a copy of Fall, Neal Stephenson’s latest book. The bookstore sells the book at its list price of $35. Amazon sells it for about $13.53.

Is supporting a local business worth a 160 percent premium?